Comparison of classic peribulbar anesthesia and new entry point [single percutaneous injection technique] in vitroretinal surgery

To describe the method that seeks to improve the administration of regional anesthesia for vitroretinal surgery avoiding the risk of potential complications associated with other techniques through comparison of safety and efficacy of classic peribulbar anesthesia versus single percutaneous technique using a prospective, randomized clinical trial. One hundred patients were randomized to classic peribulbar and single percutaneous peribulbar technique after informed consent. Pain during administration of anesthesia, during surgery was graded on a visual analogue pain scale and compared for both techniques. Globe akinesia, analgesia and IOP measurements before and after administration of anesthesia, detection of distribution of local anesthetic agent by ultrasound scanning and complications related were also compared. Twenty out of 50 [40%] patients of group 1[classic pirebulbar] and 36/50 [72%] of group II [single percutaneous technique] experience no pain during administration of anesthesia. Scores for globe akinesia and anesthesia were less satisfactory in group 1 and supplemental blocks required in 8% of the patients while in group II all of the patients [100%] showed proper globe akinesia and anesthesia. There were significant elevation in mean IOP following injection in both groups and the incidence of subconjunctival haemorrhage, chemosis and echymosis were more frequent in group 1. Single percutaneous peribulbar technique proved to be a safe and efficient technique that offers excellent anesthesia and akinesia with less complication for various ophthalmic procedures

Teratogenic effects of indomethacin on rat embryos

In this study 16 pregnant albino rats was divided into two eaual groups. The first group was injected daily with 1 mg/kg body weight indomethacin intraperitoneally from day 6 to 10 of gestation. Doses of 2 mg/kg body weight or more were tried but were rejected because of high incidence of embryolethality and maternal mortality. One da 12 of gestation [11.5 embryonic age day], embryos were explanted, examined and their morphological parameters were evaluated. The most common development effect observed in embryos of the treated group was intrauterine growth retardation as evidenced by the significant decrease in their morphological score when comared with those of the control group. In embroys of the treated group, there were a decrease in both crown-rump and head lengths, reduction in the numbers of both branchial bars and somites, as well as a delay in the formation of the forelimb bods. Also a significant increase in embryolethality was was noticed in the treated group as proved by the increased number of resorptions. These changes were associated with a decrease in the body weight of the treated mothers when comared with the control ones. On the basis of the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that malnutrition of the pregnant rats caused by gastrointestinal tract dysfunction, constriction of the vessels of the conceptus, viz. uterine, umbilical and vitelline vessels and impariment of cell division of the embryo may contribute in the mechanisms through which indomethacin could affect the rat embryos

effect of proximal versus distal circumferential periosteal release on the rate of growth of the growing and of the tibia: an experimental study in albino rats

Twenty albino rats, each aged 4 weeks and weighting 50-60 gms, were used in this study. They were divided into two groups, each group consisted of 10 rats [five males and five females]. Unilateral tibial circumferential periosteal release was performed proximally in the first group and distally in the second group. In all cases, the periosteum of the shaft was incised 3-4 mm away from the growth plate. X-ray imaging was performed at weekly intervals starting from the day of surgery till the 14th week. Tibial length either on the operated or the control sides was measured for each animal from the X-ray films. The growth zone of the growing end of each tibia was examined microscopically. The surgery was followed by a latent period of two weeks in the first group and three weeks in the second group. During this latent period, there was no observable difference in the growth rates between the operated and control sides. Thereafter, the rate of growth of the side of operation exceeded that of the control side. In the subsequent two weeks, the rate slowed down. By the 14th week, tibiae of proximal periosteal release showed an increase of about 14% more than the control ones, while the corresponding increase in distal release was only 6.3%. Microscopic examination of the proximal epiphyseal plate of the tibiae revealed marked widening of the growth zone in the bibiae of the operated sides compared to the control ones especially in the cases of proximal periosteal release. In can be concluded that proximal circumferential perisoteal release can serve as a reliable and safe means of growth stimulation of the long bones of the growing animal and that can be applied for leg-length inequality. The site of the operation and the age of the child should be put into consideration. The response is inversely proportional to the age and it is more manifest in proximal than distal release

Nerve cells in the rabbit cavernous sinus

Twelve rabbits were sacrificed in this research and the cavernous sinuses were taken and processed for ordinary histological stains. Nerve cells were found in the cavernous sinus of all cases alongside the internal carotid artery. These cells were exactly similar to those found in the sympathetic ganglia. These nerve cells may send sympathetic nerve fibres, like the satellite ganglion, around the internal carotid artery

Nerve cells in the three peripheral divisions of trigeminal nerve in albino rat

Ten albino rats were sacrificed in this study. Specimens from the three main division of the trigeminal nerve were prepared and stained with onlinary haematoxylin and eosin, silver and toluidine blue. The distal principal peripheral divisions of the trigeminal nerve were found to contain groups of nerve cells among their nerve fibres. Histologically, these nerve cells were found to be active and similar to the ganglionic cells, hence a new term which is "accessory trigeminal ganglion" can be suggested. These cells were detected in all the sensory divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular, and in the motor branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve as well

Anatomical study of auriculotherapy

Fifteen rabbits were utilized in this study. Surgically induced lesions were done in the stomach, lung, kidney, suprarenal and pancreas. The electrical resistance of the corresponding acupuncture points of the left auricle were measured and recorded before and after the operation. After the operation these points showed marked decrease in theft resistance. This effect can not be demonstrated after injection of local anaesthesia in the auricle. This study confirmed the viewpoint that the body being represented on the auricle and suggested that the effect of auriculotherapy may be due to a nervous mechanism